The Coffin Texts of Ancient Egypt - Spell 17

Selected sources: B1P; B2Bo; B3Bo; B4Bo; B6C; B15C; BH5C; MC105; S10C; T2C

His two Enneads gave him these⁽¹⁾,
                which are great and
                which are grand,
        that he⁽²⁾ may rage (among) the gods with his power and
        that he⁽²⁾ alone may guide the life of the gods.

An invocation offering for RE is MAAT⁽³⁾.
HORUS alone, the foremost of the living, protects his father OSIRIS⁽⁴⁾.
He brought the movements of those to a halt,
        who slew his father OSIRIS.

As for anyone,
        who shall commit any evil robbery against NN,
        this NN will raise his hand
                against (all those) living under the sky⁽⁵⁾
                        along with their great ones,
                in Heliopolis⁽⁶⁾ in the presence of the risen OSIRIS.

This NN has taken possession of his Two Lands in vindication.
You are HORUS, Lord of Justice.


Notes

1. The two jAA.tj-staffs of Osiris mentioned in the previous spell 16.
2. MC105 and S10C write "NN" as subject of the sentence.
3. Offering Maat to a god is a scene often observed on temple walls, but also found as a topic for statuary (Fig. 1).
4. B4Bo has "his father Osiris NN".
5. Xrj.w - technically "humankind" (Wb 3, 392.2-3; FCD 203), but written with the God-sign (A40) like the "great ones" in the next line. The deceased seems to threaten all beings of heaven and earth with punishment if he or his tomb is defiled.
6. The city of the Sun(god), for archaeological work done there, see this website and the post from July 2017 on this blog.

Bibliography

A. de Buck, The Egyptian Coffin Texts I-VIII, OIP 34, 49, 64, 67, 73, 81, 87, 132 (1935-1961).
L. H. Lesko, Index of Spells on Egyptian Middle Kingdom Coffins and Related Documents (Berkeley 1979).
H. Willems (ed.), The World of the Coffin Texts. Proceedings of the Symposium held on the Occasion of the 100th Birthday of Adriaan de Buck, Leiden december 17–19, 1992, EU 9 (Leiden 1996)
R. van der Molen, A Hieroglyphic Dictionary of Egyptian Coffin Texts, PÄ 15 (Leiden / Boston / Köln 2000).
J. Assmann, Totenliturgien in den Sargtexten des Mittleren Reichs. Altägyptische Totenliturgien 1, Supplemente zu den Schriften der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 14 (Heidelberg 2002).
L. Gestermann, Die Überlieferung ausgewählter Texte altägyptischer Totenliteratur („Sargtexte“) in spätzeitlichen Grabanlagen, ÄA 68 (Wiesbaden 2005).
R. O. Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts. Spells 1-1185 (Oxford 2007). 

The Coffin Texts of Ancient Egypt - Spell 16

Selected sources: B1P; B2Bo; B3Bo; B4Bo; B6C; B15C; BH5C; MC105; S10C; T2C

O NN,
sit in the presence of GEB⁽¹⁾, the sovereign of the Gods.
You are HORUS
        with his White Crown⁽²⁾ on his head and
        with his MAAT⁽³⁾ on his brow⁽⁴⁾.

His mother⁽⁵⁾ ISIS bore him.
KHABET⁽⁶⁾ brought him up.
The nurse of HORUS nursed him.
He gathered(?)⁽⁷⁾ the powers of SETH⁽⁸⁾ more than his own powers.
His father OSIRIS gave him these two staffs⁽⁹⁾ of his,
                which are great and
                which are grand,
        so he may rage (among) the gods with his power.⁽¹⁰⁾

This NN came,
        so he may rejoice over it in vindication.


Notes

1. The god of Earth, father and predecessor of Osiris on the Egyptian throne. He is also one of the gods presiding over the Tribunal in Heliopolis and judges Horus and Seth over the succession.
2. HD.t - the Crown of Upper Egypt (Wb 3, 211.3-7; LÄ III, 811-812; LGG V, 607-608).
3. The goddess of righteousness, truth, justice and order (Wb 2, 20.10-13; LGG III, 222-224), daughter of the sungod Re, who is also identified by a feather on her head (cf. Spell 8).
4. Only written in B4Bo.
5. Only written in MC105 and S10C.
6. A goddess in the form of a vulture, the wet nurse of Horus and the deceased, cf. CT IV, 5a. Her name means "the one who bends(?)", LGG V, 627.
7. pXr.n=f (Wb 1, 544.12-547.7). MC105 and S10C write "Osiris (NN) gathered(?) the powers of Seth (...)."
8. The god of the desert, mighty warrior, powerful sorcerer and protector of the sun bark. Also the uncle of Horus and competing with him for the throne of Egypt (spell 7). For a study of this myth from Egyptian and classical sources, see J. Gwyn Griffiths, The Conflict of Horus and Seth (Liverpool 1960).
9. jAA.tj - "rod, scepter" (Wb 1, 27.10). These scepters are symbols of office and signs of leadership in the ancient Egyptian administration.
10. Only written in B2Bo.

Bibliography

A. de Buck, The Egyptian Coffin Texts I-VIII, OIP 34, 49, 64, 67, 73, 81, 87, 132 (1935-1961).
L. H. Lesko, Index of Spells on Egyptian Middle Kingdom Coffins and Related Documents (Berkeley 1979).
H. Willems (ed.), The World of the Coffin Texts. Proceedings of the Symposium held on the Occasion of the 100th Birthday of Adriaan de Buck, Leiden december 17–19, 1992, EU 9 (Leiden 1996)
R. van der Molen, A Hieroglyphic Dictionary of Egyptian Coffin Texts, PÄ 15 (Leiden / Boston / Köln 2000).
J. Assmann, Totenliturgien in den Sargtexten des Mittleren Reichs. Altägyptische Totenliturgien 1, Supplemente zu den Schriften der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 14 (Heidelberg 2002).
L. Gestermann, Die Überlieferung ausgewählter Texte altägyptischer Totenliteratur („Sargtexte“) in spätzeitlichen Grabanlagen, ÄA 68 (Wiesbaden 2005).
R. O. Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts. Spells 1-1185 (Oxford 2007). 

The Coffin Texts of Ancient Egypt - Spell 15

Selected sources: B1P; B2Bo; B3Bo; B4Bo; B4C; B6C; B15C; MC105; S10C; T2C; T9C

O true⁽¹⁾ seed⁽²⁾ of the Bull⁽³⁾,
pull of the Bull's⁽³⁾ bonds.

Version 1⁽⁴⁾
Appear
    so that he may give orders
        against those foes of his, male or female,
            who revile this NN or
            (who) do anything evil against NN.

Version 2⁽⁵⁾
Neith⁽⁶⁾ appaers
    against that evil word.
Neith appaers
    against that evil power.
Neith appaers
    to remove⁽⁷⁾ them for this NN.
Neith appears
    to repel⁽⁸⁾ them for this NN.

Horus has crossed over from Heliopolis⁽⁹⁾
    telling(?) his father(?),
        who is the foremost of the Tjenenet⁽¹⁰⁾,

Fig. 1 Statue of the goddess Neith,
from the Late Period
(New York, Metropolitan Museum,
Acc.-Nr. 26.7.846)

Notes

1. Most sources have the abbreviation zp-2 "two times" (Wb 3, 437.1-8).
2. The root of the word used here is bn(n) - beget (Wb 1, 460.6; FCD 82 f.).
3. "The Bull" is written with the God-sign. Osiris is probably meant here, with Horus being his "seed".
4. Sources: B1P; B2Bo; B3Bo; B4Bo; B6C; B15C.
5. Sources: S10C. B4C, MC105, T2C, and T9C mix up both versions. Translation follows S10C.
6. Neith is one of the earliest attested goddesses of Egypt. She is depicted as a woman wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, with two arrows crossed over a shield as her symbol. She was worshipped throughout Egyptian history as a goddess of war, creator goddess, mother goddess, goddess of Lower Egypt and goddess of the dead. Her cult centre was the town of Sais in Lower Egypt, for archaological work done there, see this website.
   As the goddess of weaving Neith is also responsible for producing the mummy bandages. For Neith as protectress of the dead, see J. Assmann, Neith spricht als Mutter und Sarg, in: MDAIK 28.2, 1973, 115-139.
7. Unclear, maybe srwj (Wb 4, 193.9-12; FCD 235), but written with the Gardiner sign A19.
8. Faulkner assumes the verb dr - "to repel, remove" (Wb 5, 473.1-474.12) for the written rDj - "to give" or "to hand (them) over"? (Wb 2, 464.1-468.11).
9. The city of the Sun(god), for archaeological work done there, see this website and the post from July 2017 on this blog.
10. A sanctuary at Memphis and also a region of the Netherworld.

Bibliography

A. de Buck, The Egyptian Coffin Texts I-VIII, OIP 34, 49, 64, 67, 73, 81, 87, 132 (1935-1961).
L. H. Lesko, Index of Spells on Egyptian Middle Kingdom Coffins and Related Documents (Berkeley 1979).
H. Willems (ed.), The World of the Coffin Texts. Proceedings of the Symposium held on the Occasion of the 100th Birthday of Adriaan de Buck, Leiden december 17–19, 1992, EU 9 (Leiden 1996)
R. van der Molen, A Hieroglyphic Dictionary of Egyptian Coffin Texts, PÄ 15 (Leiden / Boston / Köln 2000).
J. Assmann, Totenliturgien in den Sargtexten des Mittleren Reichs. Altägyptische Totenliturgien 1, Supplemente zu den Schriften der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 14 (Heidelberg 2002).
L. Gestermann, Die Überlieferung ausgewählter Texte altägyptischer Totenliteratur („Sargtexte“) in spätzeitlichen Grabanlagen, ÄA 68 (Wiesbaden 2005).
R. O. Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts. Spells 1-1185 (Oxford 2007). 

The Coffin Texts of Ancient Egypt - Spell 14

Selected sources: B1P; B2Bo; B3Bo; B4Bo; B4C; B6C; B15C; MC105; S10C; T2C

Go forth from the quarrel indubitably⁽¹⁾.
It was Horus⁽²⁾

who went forth from the quarrel indubitably⁽³⁾.

Keep away⁽⁴⁾ from this NN,

o you, who is far from this NN.

Do not approach⁽⁵⁾ this NN,

o you, who approaches⁽⁵⁾ this NN.

This NN, he will judge the Imeref⁽⁶⁾ in Heliopolis⁽⁷⁾.

Notes

1. All sources have the abbreviation zp-2 "two times" (Wb 3, 437.1-8) except T2C.
2. B4C and S10C have "You are Horus".
3. Zp-2 (Wb 3, 437.1-8) is only written in B4C and S10C where the deceased is identified with Horus.
4. Old perfective referencing "quarrel"?
5. For this verb, see also the "Travels of Herkhuf", Urk. I, 121,2.
6. Name of a god meaning "he wants", perhaps Seth? (Van der Molen, Dictionary of Coffin Texts, 37; LGG III, 334).
7. The city of the Sun(god), for archaeological work done there, see this website and the post from July 2017 on this blog.

Bibliography

A. de Buck, The Egyptian Coffin Texts I-VIII, OIP 34, 49, 64, 67, 73, 81, 87, 132 (1935-1961).
L. H. Lesko, Index of Spells on Egyptian Middle Kingdom Coffins and Related Documents (Berkeley 1979).
H. Willems (ed.), The World of the Coffin Texts. Proceedings of the Symposium held on the Occasion of the 100th Birthday of Adriaan de Buck, Leiden december 17–19, 1992, EU 9 (Leiden 1996)
R. van der Molen, A Hieroglyphic Dictionary of Egyptian Coffin Texts, PÄ 15 (Leiden / Boston / Köln 2000).
J. Assmann, Totenliturgien in den Sargtexten des Mittleren Reichs. Altägyptische Totenliturgien 1, Supplemente zu den Schriften der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 14 (Heidelberg 2002).
L. Gestermann, Die Überlieferung ausgewählter Texte altägyptischer Totenliteratur („Sargtexte“) in spätzeitlichen Grabanlagen, ÄA 68 (Wiesbaden 2005).
R. O. Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts. Spells 1-1185 (Oxford 2007). 

The Coffin Texts of Ancient Egypt - Spell 13

Selected sources: B1P; B2Bo; B3Bo; B4Bo; B4C; B6C; B15C; MC105; S10C; T2C


TO BE RECITED:
SPELLS FOR CAUSING A SPIRIT'S TOMB⁽¹⁾ TO FLOURISH IN THE NECROPOLIS (AND)
A SPELL FOR OPENING THE SEPULCHRE⁽²⁾ FOR THE KA OF THE BLESSED NN⁽³⁾

O NN⁽⁴⁾,
you went forth⁽⁵⁾

from your house,
from your seat,
from every place where you have been,

as Horus went forth⁽⁶⁾ vindicated,

when he⁽⁷⁾ inherited the inheritance⁽⁸⁾ and
when he⁽⁷⁾ acquired power⁽⁸⁾.

Go forth vindicated

from the presence of the Tribunal of the gods of Pe⁽⁹⁾, Dep⁽¹⁰⁾, and Heliopolis⁽¹¹⁾,

like Horus went forth vindicated against Seth⁽¹²⁾

from the presence of the Tribunal of the Lord of Weariness⁽¹³⁾.

Notes

1. The word for tomb used here is jz (Wb 1, 126.18-24).
2. The word HA.t (Wb 3, 12.19-21; FCD 160) is used here.
3. The title of the spell is only preserved in T2C.
4. B1P, B3Bo, B4Bo, B6C, and B15C add the Dem.Pron. sg.m./f (pn/tn) after the name.
5. The coffin MC105 renders this in the 3rd person sg.: "NN went forth".
6. Written only in B6C. All other sources shorten this to "as Horus was vindicated".
7. B4C renders this in the 2nd person sg. in reference to the deceased.
8. The original texts use adnominations here, once with the root jwa - inherit (Wb 1, 50.8-10), and the other with the root xps - to seize something with force (Wb 3, 270.8). The inscription on T2C ends here.
9. Ancient name for one of the two districts of the old royal capital Buto, modern Tell el-Fara'in, located in the Delta. See this website for the archaeological work done there
10. Ancient name for the other district of the old royal capital Buto.
11. The city of the Sun(god), for archaeological work done there, see this website and the post from July 2017 on this blog.
12. The god of the desert, mighty warrior, powerful sorcerer and protector of the sun bark. Also competing with Horus for the throne of Egypt (see spell 7 of the Coffin Texts). For a study of this myth from Egyptian and classical sources, see J. Gwyn Griffiths, The Conflict of Horus and Seth (Liverpool 1960).
13. The Lord of Weariness, probably Osiris.

Bibliography

A. de Buck, The Egyptian Coffin Texts I-VIII, OIP 34, 49, 64, 67, 73, 81, 87, 132 (1935-1961).
L. H. Lesko, Index of Spells on Egyptian Middle Kingdom Coffins and Related Documents (Berkeley 1979).
H. Willems (ed.), The World of the Coffin Texts. Proceedings of the Symposium held on the Occasion of the 100th Birthday of Adriaan de Buck, Leiden december 17–19, 1992, EU 9 (Leiden 1996)
R. van der Molen, A Hieroglyphic Dictionary of Egyptian Coffin Texts, PÄ 15 (Leiden / Boston / Köln 2000).
J. Assmann, Totenliturgien in den Sargtexten des Mittleren Reichs. Altägyptische Totenliturgien 1, Supplemente zu den Schriften der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 14 (Heidelberg 2002).
L. Gestermann, Die Überlieferung ausgewählter Texte altägyptischer Totenliteratur („Sargtexte“) in spätzeitlichen Grabanlagen, ÄA 68 (Wiesbaden 2005).
R. O. Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts. Spells 1-1185 (Oxford 2007).