Monday, 9 September 2019

The Coffin Texts of Ancient Egypt - Spell 10

Selected sources: B1P; B2Bo; B3Bo; B4Bo; B4C; B6C; S10C; T9C

Ho NN!
The door leaves are separated(1) for you by Seshat(2),
Fair paths are opened up for you by Wepwawet(3),

There is no god
who turned himself about
         concerning what he has said.(4)
Thus he spoke:
NN is vindicated
         against his foes, male or female, and
         against those who would have judgement against him on this day.

Fig. 1 The goddess Seshat with
her symbol on her head recording
the years of Ramesses' II reign
(from the king's statue
in Luxor temple)
 
Notes
  1. wDa - to separate; to judge; to appoint (Wb 1, 404.3-406.12).
  2. The goddess of scripts and record keeping, known since early dynastic times. She oversees the archives and libraries, documents a king's official names and records the years of his reign. As the one who lays out the foundations of temples and other important buildings she became the protector of builders and architects (Pyr. 616). Her symbol looks like a seven-pointed flower or star under a bow or pair of horns (Fig. 1). She is sometimes seen wearing the skin of a leopard, a garment also used by priests.
  3. A jackal- or wolf-headed god originally connected to war and battle, but also associated with death and the netherworld. His name means "opener of ways". His cult centre was in Asyut in Upper Egypt (called Lycopolis in the Greco-Roman period). For the work done there by an Egyptian-German joint-mission, see this page and for the British Museum project, see here.
  4. Meaning no god has changed his opinion on the rightful vindication of the deceased

Bibliography

A. de Buck, The Egyptian Coffin Texts I-VIII, OIP 34, 49, 64, 67, 73, 81, 87, 132 (1935-1961).
L. H. Lesko, Index of Spells on Egyptian Middle Kingdom Coffins and Related Documents (Berkeley 1979).
H. Willems (ed.), The World of the Coffin Texts. Proceedings of the Symposium held on the Occasion of the 100th Birthday of Adriaan de Buck, Leiden december 17–19, 1992, EU 9 (Leiden 1996)
R. van der Molen, A Hieroglyphic Dictionary of Egyptian Coffin Texts, 15 (Leiden / Boston / Köln 2000).
J. Assmann, Totenliturgien in den Sargtexten des Mittleren Reichs. Altägyptische Totenliturgien 1, Supplemente zu den Schriften der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 14 (Heidelberg 2002).
L. Gestermann, Die Überlieferung ausgewählter Texte altägyptischer Totenliteratur („Sargtexte“) in spätzeitlichen Grabanlagen, ÄA 68 (Wiesbaden 2005).
R. O. Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts. Spells 1-1185 (Oxford 2007). 

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